To initialize the data directory, invoke mysqld with the --initialize or --initialize-insecure option, depending on whether you want the server to generate a random initial password for the 'root'@'localhost' account, or to create that account with no password:
Use --initialize for “secure by default” installation (that is, including generation of a random initial root password). In this case, the password is marked as expired and you must choose a new one.
With --initialize-insecure , no root password is generated. This is insecure; it is assumed that you intend to assign a password to the account in a timely fashion before putting the server into production use.
可以使用 grep "password" /path to you mysql-err.log 找到使用--initialize生成的随机密码
补充:
创建目录 mkdir -p /data/mysql/tmp 的步骤一定要在初始化实例之前
初始化的时候检测到数据目录 /data/mysql下存在其他文件或者文件夹的时候会报错.
三、 使用 systemd 管理
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service # Copyright (c) 2016, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0, # as published by the Free Software Foundation. # # This program is also distributed with certain software (including # but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms, # as designated in a particular file or component or in included license # documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional # permission to link the program and your derivative works with the # separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # systemd service file for MySQL forking server # [Unit] Description=MySQLServer Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql Type=forking PIDFile=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid # Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service. TimeoutSec=0 # Execute pre and post scripts as root PermissionsStartOnly=true # Needed to create system tables # ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd %I # Start main service ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf--daemonize--pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid$MYSQLD_OPTS # Use this to switch malloc implementation EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql # Sets open_files_limit LimitNOFILE=65536 Restart=on-failure RestartPreventExitStatus=1 Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1 PrivateTmp=false
3.1 启动MySQL
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable mysql --now systemctl status mysql
